Heschl's gyrus absolute pitch auditory cortex music tonotopy tuning sharpness. We conclude that AP musicians are likely able to exploit increased ensemble representations to encode and identify frequency. Our study shows that AP musicians have significantly larger volume in early auditory cortex than non-AP musicians and non-musician controls and that this increased volume is primarily devoted to broad-frequency tuning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Absolute pitch (AP), the ability of some musicians to precisely identify and name musical tones in isolation, is associated with a number of gross morphological changes in the brain, but the fundamental neural mechanisms have not been clear. We conclude that AP abilities are associated with increased early auditory cortical area devoted to broad-frequency tuning and likely exploit increased ensemble encoding. The increased cortical area in AP in areas A1 and R were primarily low frequency and broadly tuned, whereas the distribution of responses in area RT did not differ significantly. We observed anatomically that A1, R and RT were significantly larger in AP musicians than in non-AP musicians or control subjects, which did not differ significantly from each other.
However, we observed that AP subjects had larger cortical area, with the increased area primarily devoted to broader frequency tuning. We initially hypothesized that AP abilities might manifest in sharper tuning in the auditory cortex. This brain region might potentially drive conditional associative memory and. We identified three distinct tonotopic maps, corresponding to primary (A1), rostral (R), and rostral-temporal (RT) regions of auditory cortex. A further brain structure related to AP is the posterior dorsal frontal cortex.
The tuning response of each fMRI voxel was characterized as Gaussian, with independent center frequency and bandwidth parameters. We used fMRI and population receptive field (pRF) modeling to measure the responses in the auditory cortex in 61 human subjects. Booklet, the 2007 AP Psychology Released Exam, and the 2004 AP Psychology Released Exam can all.
AUDITORY CORTEX AP PSYCHOLOGY SERIES
We presented a series of logarithmic frequency sweeps to age- and sex-matched groups of musicians with or without AP and controls without musical training. Absolute pitch (AP), the ability of some musicians to precisely identify and name musical tones in isolation, is associated with a number of gross morphological changes in the brain, but the fundamental neural mechanisms underlying this ability have not been clear.
0 kommentar(er)
